# 磁碟讀寫測試與速度調整 ## 參考資料 {% embed url="" %} Disk I/O 永遠是系統效能的致命傷，尤其是作為儲存使用的磁碟，其讀寫測試相當重要的。 ### IOPS和Throughput輸送量兩個參數是衡量儲存性能的主要指標。 IOPS表示儲存**每秒傳輸IO的數量**，Throughput輸送量則表示每秒資料的**傳輸總量**。 ### apt install fio ioping ### 隨機寫入測試 創建一個1GB的fio\_rand\_write文件，以4KB為單位、16個工作程序，對文件進行操作16次 ``` fio --name fio_rand_write --direct=1 --rw=randwrite --bs=4k --size=1G --numjobs=16 --runtime=180 --group_reporting --refill_buffers --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=16 ``` write: IOPS=674, BW=2700KiB/s (2765kB/s)(475MiB/180193msec); 0 zone resets ### 隨機讀取測試 ``` fio --name fio_rand_read --direct=1 --rw=randread --bs=4k --size=1G --numjobs=16 --runtime=180 --group_reporting --refill_buffers --ioengine=libaio --iodepth=16 ``` ![](/files/-LtT8Xn3SQjMF03v1YCP) read: IOPS=5797, BW=22.6MiB/s (23.7MB/s)(4079MiB/180106msec) ### 隨機讀寫測試 建立一個4GB的test文件，以4KB為單位、75%/25% 的讀寫比例(每做1次寫操作3次讀操作)對文件進行操作64次，運行過程會提示當前進度及磁碟iops ``` fio --randrepeat=1 --ioengine=libaio --direct=1 --gtod_reduce=1 --name=test --filename=test --bs=4k --iodepth=64 --size=4G --readwrite=randrw --rwmixread=75 ``` ``` test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=25281: Tue Nov 12 14:55:46 2019 read: IOPS=1264, BW=5059KiB/s (5181kB/s)(3070MiB/621348msec) bw ( KiB/s): min= 168, max= 8816, per=100.00%, avg=5059.90, stdev=1198.93, samples=1241 iops : min= 42, max= 2204, avg=1264.93, stdev=299.74, samples=1241 write: IOPS=422, BW=1691KiB/s (1731kB/s)(1026MiB/621348msec); 0 zone resets bw ( KiB/s): min= 8, max= 3024, per=100.00%, avg=1693.60, stdev=404.84, samples=1239 iops : min= 2, max= 756, avg=423.38, stdev=101.22, samples=1239 ``` ### ioping是一款磁碟IO的延遲監測工具，就像網路的延時監測工具ping一樣，用以測試磁碟回應速度。 ### ioping -c 100 /dev/md0 ``` 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=18 time=15.0 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=19 time=22.0 ms (slow) 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=20 time=15.3 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=21 time=16.4 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=22 time=7.11 ms (fast) 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=23 time=10.6 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=24 time=12.7 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=25 time=13.7 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=26 time=11.7 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=27 time=8.45 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=28 time=9.12 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=29 time=10.3 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=30 time=9.05 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=31 time=11.8 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=32 time=11.8 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=33 time=11.3 ms 4 KiB <<< /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB): request=34 time=12.0 ms ^C --- /dev/md0 (block device 43.7 TiB) ioping statistics --- 33 requests completed in 425.6 ms, 132 KiB read, 77 iops, 310.2 KiB/s generated 34 requests in 33.4 s, 136 KiB, 1 iops, 4.08 KiB/s min/avg/max/mdev = 7.02 ms / 12.9 ms / 22.0 ms / 3.51 ms ``` fio 參數說明 ``` --direct=1 # non-buffered I/O --rw=randrw # 隨機寫與讀 # read # write # rw # randread # randwrite # randrw --bs=4k # block size 檔案寫入大小 --size=4g # 測試的大小 --numjobs=16 # 同一個 workload 同時多少個 IO 請求 --runtime=180 # timeout 時間 (秒)，就算 --size 的大小還未到達，還是結束 --ioengine=libaio # IO 引擎 # libaio - async IO # ... --rwmixwrite=50 # 混合讀寫時，寫佔 30% loading --rwmixread=100 # 混合讀寫時，讀佔 100% loading --refill_buffers # 把 Buffer 填滿就不會跑到 Buffer 的值 --group_reporting # 總表顯示 --iodepth=16 # 同一時間有多少 IO 在作存取 --name=fio_rand_write # job 名稱，會在當下目錄產生暫存檔 ``` {% embed url="" %} ``` sysctl dev.raid.speed_limit_min dev.raid.speed_limit_min = 10000 root@omvNAS1:/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/NFS# sysctl dev.raid.speed_limit_max dev.raid.speed_limit_max = 200000 root@omvNAS1:/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/NFS# sysctl dev.raid.speed_limit_max dev.raid.speed_limit_max = 200000 root@omvNAS1:/srv/dev-disk-by-label-data/NFS# ``` ``` sysctl -w dev.raid.speed_limit_min=100000 sysctl -w dev.raid.speed_limit_max=500000 ``` ``` blockdev --getra /dev/md0 16384 blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/md0 ``` --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter: ``` GET https://kawsing.gitbook.io/opensystem/andoid-shou-ji/untitled/su-du-diao-zheng.md?ask= ``` The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.